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Commission involvement at IUAES2009
Kunming
Panel 1: 'Pastoral Development: A Global Assessment'
Chairs: Elliot Fratkin and Anatoly Khazanov
Anatoly M. KHAZANOV: Overview: A Global Perspective on Pastoral Development
Elliot FRATKIN: Lives and Livelihoods: Problems Facing East African Pastoralists Today
Jeffrey KAUFMANN: A Pastoralist Shelter from Modernity? The Non-modern Constitution of ‘Cactus Pastoralism’ in Madagascar
Kazunobu IKEYA: Transformations of economy among the Kgalagadi agro-pastoralist
Saverio KRÄTLI: Cattle Breeding, Complexity and Mobility in a Structurally Unpredictable Environment. The WoDaaBe herders of Niger
Dawn CHATTY: Rejecting Authenticity: Development Processes in the Jiddat-il-Harasiis, Oman
Joerg JANZEN: Structure and Perspectives of Mongolia’s Mobile Livestock Keeping
Peter FINKE: When nomads migrate: The Mongolian Kazaks return 'home'
Mari KAZATO: For Whom Pastoral Way of Life Is Gratifying: Women’s Socio-Economic Role and Migration in Rural Mongolia
Slawoj SZYNKIEWICZ: Recent developments in pastoralism of Northern and Western China
Andrei MARIN: Coping, not thriving: The pitfalls of centrally-planned pastoral development in Norway and Mongolia
F. Ron AHLBRECHT Jr.: Toward Sustainable Education for Gujjar and Bakarwal Nomads of the Western Himalayan Ranges
Purnendu S. KAVOORI: Legitimacy, Rationality and Livelihoods: Pastoral and Anthropological Networking under Conditions of 'Climate Change'
Tetsuya INAMURA: Pastoralism and chacu or a king of collective hunting of Andean camelids in Peru
Sharad K. SONI: Revival of Nomadic Heritage in Mongolia: Problems and Prospects.
K. WARIKOO: Nomadic Gujjars of Jammu and Kashmir.
Ole BRUUN: Conflicts of development: pastoral values versus central government ambition.
Andrei FLORIN MARIN: Between cash-cows and golden calves: the involution of Mongolian pastoralism in the age of the market.
Troy STERNBERG: Pastoralism in South Gobi, Mongolia: what is the role of drought and dzud?
Panel 2: 'Resilience to Resistance: Pastoralist Strategies in Response to Contemporary Political and Ecological Disruption and Change in Africa'
Chairs: John Galaty and Michael Bollig
The ecological, economic and socio-cultural conditions of African pastoralism have profoundly changed over the past two to three decades. Sedentarisation, individuation of property rights and the demise of common property resource management, the loss of lands (to sedentary agriculturalists, industrialised cash crop production, game parks), dramatic shifts in livestock numbers, whether decrease in response to drought or diminishing pastures, or increase due to market incentives, vegetation changes, commoditization of livestock husbandry, the re-arrangement of political organisation with increased integration into national politics, the shift from a semi-autonomous mode of production to a peasant mode of production, increase of violent conflicts between stakeholders and the implementation of reservers aimed at conserving the natural environment (e.g. the establishment of game parks, conservancies etc.), all these changes have led to transformations of pastoral socio-ecological systems. Changes have been destructive and catastrophic in cases where violence became the major change agent (e.g. Somalia, Uganda’s Karamoja, Northern Kenya), resulted in a stabilization of livestock husbandry (e.g. with the Maasai of Ngorongoro) and/or led to novel allocations of access rights privileging immigrant agriculturalists, internal elites or governmentally sponsored programmes. There has been little academic effort to trace the effects these socio-political dynamics have had on the environment and society.
The panel will focus on (1) changing implications of changing processes of pastoral economics, including land tenure and labour organisation, for resource use and environmental sustainability; (2) novel forms of wealth distribution, resource control, consumption and exchange, and the role of new elites; (3) the effects of regional conflict on pastoral communities and state-community relations; and (4) changing modes of articulation of pastoral communities with global ideologies and organisations, including new belief systems, religious affiliations, NGO’s, and the international indigenous movement.
Property, Mobility, and Sedentarization
Elliot FRATKIN (Department of Anthropology, Smith College) Samburu Resistance to Colonial Rule in Kenya – The Powys Murder and Deportation of the Laibon medicine man Ole Odume
Matthias ÖSTERLE (Institut für Volkerkünde, University of Köln) From Cattle to Goats: The Transformation of East Pokot Pastoralism
John GALATY (Department of Anthropology, McGill University) Landing, Soft and Hard: Pastoral responses to tenure changes in East Africa
Youssouf DIALLO (Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology) Pastoral mobility, resource management and state intervention (Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire)
Clare OXBY (Research Services, University of Oxford): Disentangling 'forced displacement' from pastoralist mobility – recovery and reconstruction in South Sudan in the light of the Tuareg experience in the Sahel
Salem MEZHOUD (EPES Consulting, London and VA) Presented with Clare Oxby Disentangling 'forced displacement' from pastoralist mobility – recovery and reconstruction in South Sudan in the light of the Tuareg experience in the Sahel
Pastoral Livelihoods and Economic Diversification
Stephen MOIKO (Department of Anthropology, McGill University) Herders at Cross-Roads: Searching for Tenure Security and Sustainable Livelihoods in the Face of Changing Land Policies
Peter LITTLE (Department of Anthropology, Emory University) Uncertain Pastoral Alliances in a Global Age: Shifting Political Relationships and Violence in Baringo, District, Kenya, 1900-2007
Hassan SACHEDINA (Centre for the Environment, Oxford University) Labyrinths of Poverty: Tanzanite mining and Maasai economic renaissance in Tanzania
Sandra CALKINS (Collaborative Research Center "Difference and Integration" SFB 586, University of Leipzig) Transformed Lives: The Rashayda Pastoralists of Northeastern Sudan - New Patterns of Mobility and the Role of Conflict.
Pastoral Strategies in Contemporary & Historical Perspective
Lawrence H. ROBBINS (Department of Anthropology, Michigan State University) The spread of livestock and paleoenvironmental change: A tale of two lakes in Africa.
Robert HITCHCOCK (Department of Anthropology, Michigan State University) Livestock Production Systems In The Kalahari: Transformations in Land, Labor, and Property Relations in Southwestern, Eastern and Northern Botswana.
Nikolaus SCHAREIKA (Department of Anthropology and African Studies, University of Mainz) Conserving the Clan: Wodaabe (Fulani) struggling against the dissolution of their lineage group
Angela KRONENBURG GARCIA (TBA) ‘Grabbing’ and ‘booking’ land in Loita Maasai, Kenya: a historical perspective to current forms of land demarcation
Pastoral Conflicts and Mediation
Georg KLUTE (Institute for African Studies, University of Bayreuth) Will we ever be nomads? Negotiating identities, political order and the way of life among Tuareg in Northern Mali
Bilinda STRAIGHT (Department of Anthropology, Western Michigan University) Wild Journeys: Memories of Home, War, and Uneasy Movement
Sandra GRAY (Department of Anthropology, Kansas University) Where have all the young men gone? Demographic and social consequences of modern cattle raiding in Karamoja (Moroto District), Uganda.
Ben KNIGHTON (African Studies Centre, Oxford University) The State as Invader in Karamoja: “Let them go!”
Günther SCHLEE (Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology) The political ecology of pastoralsism: The development of ethnic territoriality in northern Kenya.
Boubacar OUMAROU (Departement d’anthropologie, Universite Laval) Rapport agriculteurs éleveurs à Say (Niger): Un espace commun géré par des communautés différentes
Hussein A. MAHMOUD (Department of Geography, Egerton University) Living between a “troublesome” people and a troubled borderland: the Boran, Somali onslaught, and “Tigrean terror” in northern Kenya
Pastoralists and Conservation
Terry MCCABE (Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado at Boulder) Risk, Intensification, Conservation, and Complexity: Competing flows of ideas and capital in northern Tanzania
David K. Ole NKEDIANYE (Center for International Development, Harvard University) The impacts of the 2005/6 drought and emerging coping strategies among the Maasai of East Africa
Michael BOLLIG (Institut für Völkerkunde, University of Köln) Water-Point Committees, Game Guards and Grazing Associations - Institutional Change and Vitality of Pastoralism in Northwestern Namibia
Cameron WELCH (Department of Anthropology, McGill University) Grazing, Gathering and Game: Land and Resource Conflict in the N=a Jaqna Conservancy, North Eastern Namibia Session F: Globalizing Institutions and Cultural Change
Aud TALLE (Department of Social Anthropology, University of Oslo) ‘Women at a loss’ – twenty-five years later
Barbara CASCIARRI (Department of Sociology, Université de Paris 8 and Centre d’Etudes et de Documentation Economique et Juridique, Khartoum) Religious revival and « civil society » organizations as strategies to face the impact of globalization trends: the case of the Ait Unzar pastoralists in South-Eastern Morocco
Caroline ARCHAMBAULT (Department of Anthropology, McGill University) Presentations of Maasai Identity in Contrasting Political Economies: The Explicit and Hidden Curriculum of Maasai Schools in Kenya and Tanzania
Stefano MANFREDI (Dipartimento di Studi e Ricerche su Africa e Paesi Arabi", Unbiversità L'orientale (Naples)) Presented with Barbara Casciarri Dynamics of adaptation to conflict and to political and economical changes among the Hawazma pastoralists (Baggara) of Southern Kordofan (Sudan): an insight through process of education